Dogs have been present in West Asia since ancient times, with evidence suggesting that they were among the first animals to be domesticated by humans. Early civilizations in the region, such as those in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), the Levant, and Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), likely had domesticated dogs that served various purposes, including hunting, guarding, and companionship. Over time, indigenous breeds of dogs emerged in different regions of West Asia, shaped by their local environments, human interactions, and cultural practices. These dogs were often valued for their versatility, intelligence, and adaptability to diverse climates and terrains. In urban and rural areas of West Asia, street dogs, often referred to as “community dogs” or “pariah dogs,” are a common sight. These dogs are typically of mixed ancestry and roam freely in neighborhoods, scavenging for food and forming bonds with local residents.